NOTE:
This post is a continuation of a series about managing my diabetes while trying to get pregnant and being pregnant. For more, you can check out these previous posts:
Diabetes Type 1.5/LADA
Diabetes & Miscarriage
Diabetes & Pregnancy: The 1st Trimester
Diabetes & Pregnancy: The 2nd Trimester
Diabetes & Pregnancy: The 3rd Trimester
Diabetes & Pregnancy: Childbirth
As always, these posts are not meant to be taken as medical advice, and merely discuss my personal experience with my specific diabetes. Everybody's experiences are different, and I am only speaking about mine.
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My
last post about my diabetes talked only a little about how my blood sugars and insulin needs changed after giving birth on New Year's day, January 1st, 2020. The focus of that post was more about managing my diabetes during labor and delivery, with just a few passing comments about changes that happened in those first few days after, while I was still in the hospital. This post will pick up where that one left off, continuing through the first three months postpartum - a time period some refer to as the "4th trimester," when a person's body readjusts to a state of no longer being pregnant.
Before becoming pregnant, I had only been on Levemir (basal insulin); I had no prescription for Novolog (mealtime insulin) until I first saw MFM at 8 weeks gestation. (MFM = maternal fetal medicine, the doctors and nurses who helped me manage my diabetes while pregnant.) My pre-pregnancy Levemir doses were 5 u. in the morning and 7 u. at night, for a total of 12 u. Over the course of 9 months of pregnancy, my total Levemir increased to 16 u., though we shifted when the bulk of it was taken, to 10 u. in the morning and 6 u. at night. I also started taking insulin with meals; by the end of my pregnancy, I was taking 12 u. Novolog with breakfast, 5 u. with lunch, and 6 u. with dinner. This increase in insulin requirements happens because the placenta causes insulin resistance - meaning that my body needs more insulin to process the same amount of blood sugar. (Though to be fair, I also wasn't eating the same amount of carbs during pregnancy as I had been before... Once I had access to mealtime insulin, I didn't need to be on a lower-carb diet anymore - and was actually told NOT to be, since growing a baby requires quite a bit of energy from carbohydrates. So I also was giving my body more blood sugar to process, as well.)
It was expected that after giving birth, my insulin needs would go back down to approximately what they'd been before getting pregnant. But I wanted to continue taking mealtime insulin after giving birth so I had a bit more flexibility with the amount of carbs I was "permitted" to eat - especially since I was planning on breastfeeding for the first several months of my baby's life, and would need similar dietary needs for breastfeeding as I had while pregnant. And that meant I couldn't just revert back to exactly what I had been taking pre-pregnancy, when I was taking enough basal insulin to cover post-meal glucose spikes as well. Still, those pre-pregnancy doses gave us a baseline to start at, with the expectation that it might take a bit of time to figure out exactly what insulin doses I should be taking for my basal insulin and at meals.
Taking all that into consideration, MFM recommended that I try 4 u. Levemir in the morning and 8 u. Levemir at night, for a total of 12 u. of basal insulin (same as I'd been taking pre-pregnancy). They also suggested that I try NOT taking any mealtime insulin at first, doing only 1-2 u. corrective doses if my blood sugar was high two hours after eating, until I better understood how much insulin it might be prudent to take with each meal. I wasn't super into that idea (it seemed like the first step toward ending up back where I was pre-pregnancy - only taking basal insulin and not having access to mealtime insulin), but they were the recommendations I brought with me to the hospital nonetheless, and what I planned to implement in the first few days after delivery.
That plan lasted one meal.
Other than a 2 am snack a few hours after giving birth, my first real meal postpartum was breakfast on January 2nd. Following MFM's plan, I took 4 u. Levemir and no fast-acting mealtime insulin. Three hours later, my blood sugar was at 197, and I took a corrective dose of 1 u. - which did the trick and brought me back down to normal ranges. Still, I was over that nonsense. Managing my diabetes at the hospital required jumping through a ridiculous series of hoops multiple times a day: reminding the nursing staff when to check my blood sugar (per their own protocols - I had my own ways of checking my blood sugar on my own any time I wanted), asking the nursing staff for access to insulin, having a doctor sign off on the dose, and waiting for the insulin to be brought into the room - all while my hospital cafeteria food grew cold as I waited. Taking a "wait and see" approach with every meal just meant even more of a hassle - a hassle I didn't need on top of everything else. We were dealing with my baby daughter's low blood sugar, treating her with glucose gel and formula, and trying to establish breastfeeding; I didn't want to be subjected to extra blood sugar checks in the middle of all that, making decisions to correct highs after the fact. It seemed easier to just take preemptive insulin and avoid the highs in the first place.
Of course, I was also still very much in the mindset of keeping a very tight control over my blood sugars - a mindset that it was hard to get out of. For the past year and a half, I'd tried to keep my blood sugars below 120 at all times - during my first pregnancy (which lasted 8 weeks and ended in miscarriage), during my second pregnancy (which was full-term), and during the months in between, when I started using my CGM and we were trying to get pregnant again. When you start thinking of anything above 120 as bad, 197 seems downright criminal. (Compare that to the typical recommendation for (non-pregnant) diabetics: keeping blood sugars below 180. If that's the goal, 197 doesn't seem nearly as off-target.)
There was also this: I expected to experience lows postpartum. I'd read that some diabetics struggle with low blood sugars when breastfeeding, and so had taken precautions to strategically leave snacks around my house in the places I planned to do a lot of nursing, just in case that became an issue for me. I also brought a lot of snacks with me to the hospital, for this same reason. So I felt more prepared (both mentally and literally) to deal with the possibility of lows than highs.
All of this meant I started requesting 1-2 u. of mealtime insulin with breakfast, lunch, and dinner (depending on what my blood sugars were before eating, and what exactly I was planning to eat). I suspected this might require a change to my basal insulin, since now my total insulin levels were likely higher than they needed to be - but I figured it'd be easier to take too much insulin and then treat with more snacks if I needed to, than to not be taking enough insulin, and need to add more - especially since I often had to wait at least a half hour (and sometimes as much as an hour or more) between my request for insulin and when the hospital staff would bring it to me.
Still, even with that extra mealtime insulin I started taking, I didn't experience a postpartum low until 6 am on January 4th. I was getting so little sleep (up all hours of the night trying to breastfeed or pump, and visiting my baby girl, who had been taken to the NICU for a couple days to monitor her nasal congestion, breathing, and jaundice levels) that I was often hungry and ate frequent snacks - my body's way of compensating for lack of sleep, I guess. I decided to run an experiment; the night of January 3rd-4th, I didn't eat any snacks after 10 pm. Finally, I saw the low blood sugar I was expecting. When the nurses came to check my fasting blood sugar, I was at 61; my CGM said 62. During my pregnancy, I only very rarely felt hypoglycemia symptoms; for my first postpartum low I again didn't feel any symptoms. The nurses brought me graham crackers, and I ate those before breakfast.
I was discharged later that day, even though my baby was still in the NICU. We were allowed to board in another hospital room closer to the NICU for a couple days. My insulin pens were returned to me, and I was once again able to manage my own diabetes, but we were still on the hospital premises until our baby was also discharged on January 6th. I knew from the "experiment" I'd done that I had to eat a snack at least once overnight - one of the times I was up anyway, nursing or pumping - or risk going too low. Alternatively, now that I had access to my own insulin again, I also had the option of adjusting my insulin however I saw fit, without having to run it by the hospital staff. I could choose to not take insulin with a snack or meal, and then more easily correct it after the fact, if I saw myself going too high. Or I could decrease my basal insulin, to compensate for the fact that I was taking more mealtime insulin than MFM had originally suggested.
At first, I continued to follow the insulin plan I had been doing (4 u. Levemir in the morning, 8 u. Levemir at night, and 2 u. Novolog with breakfast, lunch, and dinner), making sure to eat snacks in between meals when needed, and at least once overnight. I made it through the night of January 4th-5th this way with no problems. But the next night, my CGM urgent low alert went off before I ate my middle-of-the-night snack, and I found myself needing juice and a snack during one of the few chunks of time I'd been able to set aside for sleeping. A few hours later, when I woke up to eat breakfast, I was back down to 74 again - not low, but getting close.
I was beginning to understand that I was trying to keep unnecessarily tight control over my blood sugars. I didn't need to subject myself to occasional hypoglycemia in an attempt to keep my highs from getting too high; I wasn't pregnant anymore, and didn't need to stay below 120. Now, it was more important for me to avoid lows, rather than to avoid highs - especially if my body was still unaware of my hypoglycemia, showing no symptoms. What might happen if I was unknowingly low while holding and carrying around my newborn? I had to ease up on my blood sugar control to take better care of myself - so I could also take better care of her.
My daughter was discharged later that day, and we finally got to take her home. At home, I ran an even greater risk of hypoglycemia for two reasons: 1) I had access to a wider variety of food, including options with fewer carbs, meaning I ate fewer total carbs throughout the day than I had at the hospital, and 2) now that she was no longer in the NICU, she was under my and my husband's care 24/7, without help from the NICU nurses. It was harder to find time to eat several snacks throughout the day just to keep my blood sugars up, when I was responsible for every feed (no more supplementing with formula!). That night, my blood sugar was at 77 at 10 pm. I decided it was time to start decreasing my insulin; I took 6 u. Levemir instead of 8.
This was the right choice - my blood sugars stayed pretty steady within a good range of 70-140 over the next couple of days. I hadn't had another overnight low. Still, when I called MFM to discuss the change I'd made to my nighttime insulin, they recommended that I decrease it even further, going down to 4 u. Levemir at night. They also suggested I cut my lunchtime dose to 1 u. instead of 2 u. (Though, I admit - going through the whole process of using an insulin pen needle to take only 1 u. seems a bit silly to me... I usually choose to either not take any insulin, or to take 2 u., depending on what my blood sugar is before eating and what I plan to eat.)
A few weeks later, I switched my care back to my regular endocrinologist, and he agreed with my decision to continue taking those doses (or near those doses, per my discretion) - so that's precisely what I've been doing since January 8th:
- 4 u. Levemir in the morning
- 2 u. Novolog with breakfast
- 0-2 u. Novolog with lunch
- 2 u. Novolog with dinner
- 4 u. Levemir at bedtime
This seems to be a good amount of insulin for me. There are times when I see slightly higher numbers than I grew used to seeing over the last 1.5 years - but those "highs" aren't too high, just higher than what I was aiming for when I was pregnant. There are also times when I have occasional low blood sugars. But both scenarios seem less frequent than I was experiencing when pregnant - my blood sugar in general stays steadier, with fewer peaks or valleys. Everything acts a little more predictably, and easier to control.
In fact, everything has gotten so much "easier" that I've stopped counting calories and carbs of the things I eat. I still try to eyeball portion sizes and guess how many carbs I'm eating, but I don't add everything together when I make a recipe. Maybe I've just gotten better at guessing what 40-50 g. carbs looks like, after meticulously counting everything for several months; or maybe it really is that my blood sugars are steadier even if my estimate is "off" and I'm closer to 30 or 60 g. It probably also helps that I continue to use my CGM (continuous glucose monitor) - I can see at a glance what my blood sugar is doing and if it's trending up or down, which in turn influences what I decide to eat for a given meal or snack.
When I started making this change, I thought I'd only do it for a couple months. Recording every gram of carbohydrates I ate was just too much to keep track of on top of recording nursing sessions and diaper changes. (The first I'm still keeping track of, so I know how often (and how long) my baby eats; the second we kept track of for only the first 3 weeks or so, to make sure she was having enough wet/dirty diapers). But as time went on, and my blood sugars still stayed within a good range, I decided to continue being "more lax" about what I was eating.
Constantly counting carbs can start to feel like an eating disorder after awhile - even if it's done for a healthy reason, like knowing how much insulin to take. I find that it can really start to negatively impact how I feel about certain foods, leading to me thinking of foods as "good" or "bad" - and myself as "good" or "bad" depending on what I choose to eat. I want to model for my daughter how to have a healthy relationship with my body and food. I don't want her growing up thinking that some foods are "bad", nor do I want her seeing me obsessing over numbers and constantly adding up nutrition facts in my head to determine whether or not I can allow myself to eat something in that moment. I don't want to pass on disordered eating to her.
If/when I am pregnant again in the future, I will probably have to revert back to my hyper-vigilance, making note of everything I eat. Not only is it important to have tight blood sugar control during pregnancy - it's also a lot harder. Part of that is because the targets are stricter - but it's also just hard to keep up with the changes a pregnant person's body is going through. Eating 30 g. of carbs vs. 60 g. of carbs makes a much bigger difference, and everything seems to follow a much less predictable pattern, which makes simply "eyeballing" foods a lot more difficult.
In fact, I may even have to revert back to recording what I'm eating once I stop breastfeeding, and my body once again readjusts to a new normal. My endocrinologist told me that I will likely continue to need only about 12-14 total units of insulin a day as long as I'm exclusively breastfeeding. Not only does nursing burn calories - it also creates another avenue for excess glucose to exit my body, in addition to the traditional avenue of urine. (For those who don"t know, the full scientific name diabetes mellitus actually comes from the Greek words for "sweet urine".) Of course, I don't want to give my baby excess glucose through my breastmilk - but the fact remains, in those rare times when my blood sugars are a little too high, I probably do... to the benefit of my own blood sugar, at the expense of hers. (Thankfully, my baby's pancreas is better equipped to handle that excess.) Once we start introducing solid foods in a few months and she starts breastfeeding less and less frequently, my insulin needs are likely to increase a little again. But for now, I seem to be doing okay without recording everything I eat, and I intend to continue doing it this way until my blood sugars show that that approach is no longer working. I'm hoping that, moving forward, keeping such careful track of my carbs will be a the exception rather than the rule - something I only do temporarily, when pregnant or going through a similar hormonal shift (e.g. menopause), or when I'm making a lifestyle change (e.g. weaning off breastfeeding, or if I suddenly decided to start training for a marathon or something - HA!).
Another thing I've had to readjust since giving birth is how I wear my CGM sensor. During pregnancy, I had so many problems with my CGM giving me false low alerts, or going entirely offline and being unable to register my blood sugar, that I started wearing it on the back of my upper arms instead of on my abdomen. (My growing baby bump made it hard to have enough available belly fat for the CGM, which is inserted into subcutaneous fat tissue.) For the first few weeks after giving birth, I continued to wear it on my arm - until my arm started giving me the same sorts of problems. My postpartum body now had plenty of belly fat to work with - and my arms did not, as my baby continued to grow and I spent much of my days carrying her and holding her. So I switched back to putting my CGM sensor on my abdomen instead.
There is one final aspect I want to talk about - the guilt and worry that comes with being a diabetic mother. Every time my baby has a health problem, I wonder if my diabetes caused it. When my baby had some trouble with nasal congestion and breathing in those first few days after birth, was it because of all the IV fluids I was given during induction - something that wouldn't have had to happen if I hadn't been diabetic? When she had jaundice - both in those initial days and over the course of the next several weeks, in what was ultimately determined to be "breast milk" jaundice - was it because I, a diabetic, was breastfeeding her? When her blood work came back indicating high liver enzymes for several weeks in a row, even after her jaundice had finally disappeared, was it because nine months in a diabetic womb, or months of being breastfed by a diabetic, or just an unfortunate combination of my "autoimmune disorder" genes, had somehow damaged her liver or some other liver-adjacent organ (such as the insulin-producing pancreas)?
We all have predispositions we might pass along to our children, and things that we've experienced that we want to see our children spared from - but from my perspective, being diabetic seems to amplify those worries. I'm not just worried about passing along some bad genes or less desirable habits - I also worry what the physical environment I'm exposing my daughter to. Hopefully as she gets older - once she has spent more time outside my body than inside of it, and as I wean her off my breastmilk someday - her body will feel less connected to my own, and those worries, at least, will start to fade. Then my diabetes and the choices I make for how best to manage it will only affect my body, my health - and not also hers.
